Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Humanities - Essay Example The main aim of building this amphitheater was for conducting gladiator fights where slaves fought against each other and against cruel animals like the tigers. The romans came to view and cheer these fights which ended with the death of a slave (gladiator) or the animal (in the fights with the animals). This was a cruelty that was unheard of and especially the fact that people came to watch the arena and even made bets. The floor of the arena in the Colosseum was constantly covered with blood and in order to ask this, red soil was poured on regular basis (Connolly 106). This mammoth building was constructed by the emperor Vespasian and finished by his two sons: Titus and Domitian during their separate reign. It was built in the city center indicating how much power it held. Even after the main purpose of the building was done, years later, the Christians specifically the Roman Catholic Church took up the building and constantly uses it and especially during good Fridays where the Pope starts the way of the cross procession there (Hopkins 164). The Pope is powerful and hence his use of this building continues to indicate its powerful importance both historically and

A view from a bridge by Arthur miller Essay Example for Free

A view from a bridge by Arthur miller Essay At the beginning of act 2 in a view from a bridge Arthur Miller creates tension in a number of ways. The first way Arthur miller creates a sense of drama by using body language eg) Eddies arm jerks slightly in shock the body language of Eddie is Eddie showing his feelings of disapproval of Katherine and Rodolpho going out together to add to Eddys anger the fact that they both come out of the bedroom together. This shows Eddies love for Katharine but he is becoming far too over protective over Katherine. Arthur Miller also creates tension through the use of short sharp sentences through the scene as well as the repetition of key phrases during the scene, eg) when Katherine says I think I cant stay here no more when Eddie says You aint goin nowheres after that Katherine says: Eddie Im not gonna be a baby anymore these are all extremely short sentences used within quick succession. The use of short sentences like this is to heighten the drama by showing the views that the characters are in an angry and aggressive as mood well as showing Katherines new fear of Eddie and that something is inevitably going to happen. Certain unexpected key events occur in this scene, which shock the audience and create a heightened dramatic impact. This is when Eddie reaches out suddenly, draws her to him, as she strives to free herself he kisses her on the mouth then Rodolpho tells Eddie have respect for her after that: Rodolpho flies at him in attack. Eddie pins his arms, laughing and suddenly kisses him. This shows that Eddies feelings for Katherine are so powerful that they are uncontrollable; this causes the audience to be shocked and lose respect for Eddie. As well as these happenings, emotions are revealed in this scene, which heightens the tension. This is shown best by Katherines fear of Eddie because she usually shows such admiration for Eddie. Eddie crying is also eddy showing emotion Eddie strands of tears rolling down his face as h laughs mockingly at Rodolpho. While Katherine is staring at him in horror Katherine and Rodolpho are also behaving out of character by showing disrespect towards Eddie. Katherine usually acts childish towards him as if Eddie really is her father; and Rodolpho is usually trying to avoid conflict with Eddie as well as trying to win Eddies approval over Katherine Craig young 11vk The mix of violence, humiliation and control in this scene all help to create dramatic impact. This is shown when Rodolpho is violent towards Eddie Rodolpho flies at him in attack. This shows the audience how Rodolpho has changed his attitude towards Eddie. Eddie shows control by forcibly kissing Katherine and then Rodolpho. Eddie does this to show his authority over Katherine and Rodolpho, and to degrade Rodolpho by showing that he has control over him. Further more proving that, Eddie is stronger than Rodolpho. In conclusion the contrast between the events with Eddie and Katherine and the mood of Alferis speech at the end of the scene, also creates a sense of tension; due to the contrast between the short sharp aggressive sentences earlier on in the scene then when Alferi speaks there becomes longer calmer sentences, this contrast creates a sense of tension by making the audience think that something more is going to happen. As well as this a part of Alferis speech makes the audience realise that something terrible was inevitably going to happen but I will never forget how dark the room came when he looked at me; his eyes were tunnels. I kept wanting to call the police, but nothing had happened. Nothing at all had really happened. This shows that Alferi had the feeling that something had already happened so it seems almost certain that something would happen.

The Eight Principles Of Quality Management Principles Management Essay

The Eight Principles Of Quality Management Principles Management Essay This document introduces the eight quality management principles on which the quality management system standards of the ISO 9000:2000 and ISO 9000:2008 series are based. These principles can be used by senior management as a framework to guide their organizations towards improved performance. The principles are derived from the collective experience and knowledge of the international experts who participate in ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 176, Quality management and quality assurance, which is responsible for developing and maintaining the ISO 9000 standards. The eight quality management principles are defined in ISO 9000:2005, Quality management systems Fundamentals and vocabulary, and in ISO 9004:2000, Quality management systems Guidelines for performance improvements. This document gives the standardized descriptions of the principles as they appear in ISO 9000:2005 and ISO 9004:2000. In addition, it provides examples of the benefits derived from their use and of actions that managers typically take in applying the principles to improve their organizations performance. Principle 1: Customer focus Principle 2: Leadership Principle 3: Involvement of people Principle 4: Process approach Principle 5: System approach to management Principle 6: Continual improvement Principle 7: Factual approach to decision making Principle 8: Mutually beneficial supplier relationships The next step Principle 1: Customer focus Organizations depend on their customers and therefore should understand current and future customer needs, should meet customer requirements and strive to exceed customer expectations. Key benefits: Increased revenue and market share obtained through flexible and fast responses to market opportunities. Increased effectiveness in the use of the organizations resources to enhance customer satisfaction. Improved customer loyalty leading to repeat business. Applying the principle of customer focus typically leads to: Researching and understanding customer needs and expectations. Ensuring that the objectives of the organization are linked to customer needs and expectations. Communicating customer needs and expectations throughout the organization. Measuring customer satisfaction and acting on the results. Systematically managing customer relationships. Ensuring a balanced approach between satisfying customers and other interested parties (such as owners, employees, suppliers, financiers, local communities and society as a whole). Principle 2: Leadership Leaders establish unity of purpose and direction of the organization. They should create and maintain the internal environment in which people can become fully involved in achieving the organizations objectives. Key benefits: People will understand and be motivated towards the organizations goals and objectives. Activities are evaluated, aligned and implemented in a unified way. Miscommunication between levels of an organization will be minimized. Applying the principle of leadership typically leads to: Considering the needs of all interested parties including customers, owners, employees, suppliers, financiers, local communities and society as a whole. Establishing a clear vision of the organizations future. Setting challenging goals and targets. Creating and sustaining shared values, fairness and ethical role models at all levels of the organization. Establishing trust and eliminating fear. Providing people with the required resources, training and freedom to act with responsibility and accountability. Inspiring, encouraging and recognizing peoples contributions. Principle 3: Involvement of people People at all levels are the essence of an organization and their full involvement enables their abilities to be used for the organizations benefit. Key benefits: Motivated, committed and involved people within the organization. Innovation and creativity in furthering the organizations objectives. People being accountable for their own performance. People eager to participate in and contribute to continual improvement. Applying the principle of involvement of people typically leads to: People understanding the importance of their contribution and role in the organization. People identifying constraints to their performance. People accepting ownership of problems and their responsibility for solving them. People evaluating their performance against their personal goals and objectives. People actively seeking opportunities to enhance their competence, knowledge and experience. People freely sharing knowledge and experience. People openly discussing problems and issues. - Principle 4: Process approach A desired result is achieved more efficiently when activities and related resources are managed as a process. Key benefits: Lower costs and shorter cycle times through effective use of resources. Improved, consistent and predictable results. Focused and prioritized improvement opportunities. Applying the principle of process approach typically leads to: Systematically defining the activities necessary to obtain a desired result. Establishing clear responsibility and accountability for managing key activities. Analysing and measuring of the capability of key activities. Identifying the interfaces of key activities within and between the functions of the organization. Focusing on the factors such as resources, methods, and materials that will improve key activities of the organization. Evaluating risks, consequences and impacts of activities on customers, suppliers and other interested parties. Principle 5: System approach to management Identifying, understanding and managing interrelated processes as a system contributes to the organizations effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its objectives. Key benefits: Integration and alignment of the processes that will best achieve the desired results. Ability to focus effort on the key processes. Providing confidence to interested parties as to the consistency, effectiveness and efficiency of the organization. Applying the principle of system approach to management typically leads to: Structuring a system to achieve the organizations objectives in the most effective and efficient way. Understanding the interdependencies between the processes of the system. Structured approaches that harmonize and integrate processes. Providing a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities necessary for achieving common objectives and thereby reducing cross-functional barriers. Understanding organizational capabilities and establishing resource constraints prior to action. Targeting and defining how specific activities within a system should operate. Continually improving the system through measurement and evaluation. Principle 6: Continual improvement Continual improvement of the organizations overall performance should be a permanent objective of the organization. Key benefits: Performance advantage through improved organizational capabilities. Alignment of improvement activities at all levels to an organizations strategic intent. Flexibility to react quickly to opportunities. Applying the principle of continual improvement typically leads to: Employing a consistent organization-wide approach to continual improvement of the organizations performance. Providing people with training in the methods and tools of continual improvement. Making continual improvement of products, processes and systems an objective for every individual in the organization. Establishing goals to guide, and measures to track, continual improvement. Recognizing and acknowledging improvements - Principle 7: Factual approach to decision making Effective decisions are based on the analysis of data and information Key benefits: Informed decisions. An increased ability to demonstrate the effectiveness of past decisions through reference to factual records. Increased ability to review, challenge and change opinions and decisions. Applying the principle of factual approach to decision making typically leads to: Ensuring that data and information are sufficiently accurate and reliable. Making data accessible to those who need it. Analysing data and information using valid methods. Making decisions and taking action based on factual analysis, balanced with experience and intuition. Principle 8: Mutually beneficial supplier relationships An organization and its suppliers are interdependent and a mutually beneficial relationship enhances the ability of both to create value Key benefits: Increased ability to create value for both parties. Flexibility and speed of joint responses to changing market or customer needs and expectations. Optimization of costs and resources. Applying the principles of mutually beneficial supplier relationships typically leads to: Establishing relationships that balance short-term gains with long-term considerations. Pooling of expertise and resources with partners. Identifying and selecting key suppliers. Clear and open communication. Sharing information and future plans. Establishing joint development and improvement activities. Inspiring, encouraging and recognizing improvements and achievements by suppliers. - ISO 9000 is a family of standards for quality management systems. ISO 9000 is maintained by ISO, the International Organization for Standardization and is administered by accreditation and certification bodies. The rules are updated, as the requirements motivate changes over time. Some of the requirements in ISO 9001:2008 (which is one of the standards in the ISO 9000 family) include a set of procedures that cover all key processes in the business; monitoring processes to ensure they are effective; keeping adequate records; checking output for defects, with appropriate and corrective action where necessary; regularly reviewing individual processes and the quality system itself for effectiveness; and facilitating continual improvement A company or organization that has been independently audited and certified to be in conformance with ISO 9001 may publicly state that it is ISO 9001 certified or ISO 9001 registered. Certification to an ISO 9001 standard does not guarantee any quality of end products and services; rather, it certifies that formalized business processes are being applied. Although the standards originated in manufacturing, they are now employed across several types of organizations. A product, in ISO vocabulary, can mean a physical object, services, or software. Contents [hide] 1 Contents of ISO 9001 1.1 Summary of ISO 9001:2008 1.2 1.0 Scope 1.3 2.0 Normative reference 1.4 3.0 Terms and definitions 1.5 4.0 Quality management system 1.6 5.0 Management responsibility 1.6.1 5.1 Management commitment 1.7 6.0 Resource management 1.8 7.0 Product realization 1.9 8.0 Measurement, analysis and improvement 1.9.1 8.5 Improvement 1.9.1.1 8.5.1 Continual improvement 1.10 1987 version 1.11 1994 version 1.12 2000 version 1.13 Certification 2 Auditing 3 Industry-specific interpretations 4 Effectiveness 4.1 Advantages 4.2 Problems 4.3 Summary 5 See also

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay example -- English Lit

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Jekyll and Hyde was written by Robert Louis Stevenson during the Victorian era. This is significant because during this period, society is very different from today’s society. When looking at this novella it is also important to consider the ideas of good and evil in the characters of Jekyll and Hyde. During the Victorian era men were more powerful and the women had a lower ranking. The belief of society were such that people were covered completely and were forced to appear ‘non-sexual’. This leads to the two layers of society - a surface layer which was very polite, well-mannered and refined, and a ‘repressed’ layer where people (more significantly men) expressed their unacceptable side though visiting prostitutes and involved in ...

Academic Stress Essay

This annotated bibliography was prepared at Stanford University under the supervision of faculty from the Law School and the School of Education working in collaboration with Challenge Success. It is not intended to be all-inclusive. If you are aware of articles, books, or other materials that should be included, please send an email to Professor Michele Dauber at mldauber@gmail.com. Please feel free use this bibliography and cite it or the materials in it. You can use it several ways. 1. If you know the topic you are interested in (i.e., depression), you can scroll down and read the â€Å"Summary Findings by Topic,† and then locate the cited articles by searching the document on the author’s name, searching chronologically. 2. You can also search this document for the keyword â€Å"depression† and read the abstracts of the articles that contain that keyword. 3. You can scan the most recent reseach by reading the most recent abstracts in the â€Å"Annotated Bibliography of Sources in Reverse Chronological Order. Internationally, students that are not academically burnt out tend to have higher GPA scores and self-esteem than students that are academically burnt out (Lee et al., 2010). Studies show an important relationship between increased school work and decreased sleep, as well as the relationship between decreased sleep and increased feelings of anxiety, depression, and fatigue (Fuligni & Hardway, 2006). Longitudinal studies show an increasing pressure placed on children and adolescents in terms of expected time spent on school and school-related work, which could result in less time for things like extracurricular activities, sleeping, and spending time with family (Juster, Ono, & Stafford, 2004). Yadusky-Holahan, M., Holahan, W. (1983). The effect of academic stress upon the anxiety and depression levels of gifted high school students. Gifted Children Quarterly 27(42): 42-46. Keywords: academic stress, student anxiety and depression, living situation, gifted students The primary goal of this study was to understand the relationship between living situation (living alone or with a roommate) and anxiety and depression for high-ability, high-achieving students. Findings show that stressors relating to the school environment, academic expectations, and workload were found to be potential contributors to heightened depression. The study had various hypotheses, including the prediction that increased anxiety and depression levels would be found for those students that lived alone, because they were lacking peer support. The participants included sixty twelve-grade students who attended a competitive public school. Thirty of these students lived alone, and thirty had chosen to live with roommates. Measures were taken to limit environmental effects, and three instruments were used to gather three separate tests over a five month period. These instruments included The Depression Adjective Check Lists, the IPAT Anxiety Scale, and the Mooney Problem Check List. The data was gathered before school started, in the middle of the semester, and just before final examinations. Results showed that depression was significantly higher mid-semester versus beginning of the semester, except for females with roommates. Males with roommates and females without roommates reported significantly higher levels of depression during the final exam period. Stressors relating to the school environment, academic expectations, and workload were found to be potential contributors to this heightened depression. Other findings were that only women in single rooms had increased levels of academic stress as the semester progressed (though this may have been due to environmental factors). In sum, this population demonstrated a link between academic stress and depression. This finding, as well as other finding pertaining to living situations, imply that there needs to be increased social interaction in residential living schools to help students cope and gain peer support in a high-stress environment. 1982 Hansell, S. (1982). Student, parent, and school effects on the stress of college application. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23(1), 38-51. Keywords: stress, college applications, student, parent, and school characteristics This study examined the relationship between student, parent, and school characteristics and the stress of college applications. Data from 254 high school students in an affluent private high school revealed that student and parent characteristics influence the experience of stress during college applications. Students with lower socioeconomic status, higher seniority in the school, or whose parents were most heavily involved in school affairs demonstrated the greatest blood pressure increases. The researchers employed two studies, the first was to assess cardiovascular changes caused by the SAT among eleventh grade students, and the second study involved interviewing students (grades nine through twelve) to elicit cardiovascular responses to the stress of college applications. Though the results of this study cannot be generalized to other types of school environments, there are important implications regarding the influence that student/parent characteristics and school environments have on stress levels surrounding the college application process. 1958 Sarnoff, I., Lighthall, F. F. , Waite, K. S. , Davidson, K. S. and Sarason, S. B. (1958). A crosscultural study of anxiety amongst American and English school children. Journal of Educational Psychology 49: 129-137. Keywords: test anxiety, general anxiety, international comparison This study demonstrates that the link between examinations and anxiety are longstanding. The researchers involved in this study attempted to validate a measure of anxiety, which had been used in their previous studies. The researchers were able to see if correlates of test anxiety were similar across two different cultures, as well as examine the effects that a school examination has on test anxiety. English children must take the â€Å"eleven plus† examinations, which determine their educational future and (at that time) had no counterpart in American culture. After distributing the Test Anxiety Scale and the General Anxiety Scale to equivalent groups of English and American children, results confirmed the hypotheses of the study. English children had higher test anxiety scores than American children, because of the greater importance of their school exams. The children in both countries had similar scores for general anxiety. As school grade increased, the importance of test examinations increased as well. Finally, girls had higher scores on both types of anxiety than boys in both countries, which researchers attributed to more social acceptability of girls to express fear and distress. Again, this study’s findings demonstrate that the link between examinations and anxiety are longstanding. The increasing importance of tests in both cultures could imply the increasing levels of anxiety in children.

The Evolution of Decency †Government Essay

The Evolution of Decency – Government Essay Free Online Research Papers The Evolution of Decency Government Essay Most people will tell you people that receive the death penalty deserve it. I wouldnt disagree. The death they caused was certainly cruel, possibly unusual, but were not an eye for an eye society anymore, thanks to the evolving standards of the American people. If someone strikes someone, do they deserve to be struck? Of course they do. But you dont get to strike them. When you commit murder, you do essentially give up your rights, and your life. You’re sent to jail for the rest of it. Does anyone you know have the goal of getting into jail? I doubt it; its not exactly much of a life. In Furman vs. Georgia the Supreme Court found that not only did accidental murder not constitute the death penalty, but that it would be cruel and unusual to apply the death penalty in such a case. I would simply consider this somewhat of a precedent in what constitutes the death penalty. It takes a fairly serious crime/murder/death/whatever to get the death penalty. Before I continue, I notice that what these Supreme Court cases seem to say is that the death penalty itself is not cruel and unusual punishment, but that if the crime doesnt deserve the death penalty that its cruel and unusual punishment. I tend to think that since they ultimately ruled that the electric chair and gas chambers were cruel and unusual punishment, that this means the idea that lethal injection is not cruel and unusual punishment is at the very least, open to a good debate. I also believe there is not an un-cruel or unusual way of killing someone. It strikes me that keeping someone on death row for years, a nd then strapping them down before an audience including their own family, and the victim’s family, and then administering injections causing their breathing and heart to stop, is kind of unusual, and perhaps cruel. Also, theres a lot happening in the debate on the death penalty right now. Recently a U.S. Supreme Court justice temporarily blocked an execution. Even more recently, a man was suppose to be executed, but they were required to have an anesthesiologist put them to sleep to alleviate any pain that would be involved with the execution. Everyone who was authorized to give it refused to do so, and the execution was put on hold indefinitely. Now the argument comes before the court on whether or not lethal injection is cruel and unusual punishment. There are also rare cases where the dose doesn’t actually kill the person that is supposed to be executed, and he somehow lives. I think it would be pretty cruel and unusual to then make him go through it again. Most st ates, from what I understand, wont. Gregg vs. Georgia is relatively simple. There was a man who was convicted of armed robbery and murder. The court decided three things. A. it is cruel and unusual punishment for someone to be executed for armed robbery, so that charge didn’t even stand. Not just that it was not deserving of the death penalty, but like I said; it would be cruel and unusual to give it to him for that charge. B. the murder charge constituted the death penalty, and C. it would not be cruel or unusual for him to receive the death penalty for murder. To me, it sounds like an awful lot of debating going on. While it is a clearly established precedent that you have to murder someone to receive the death penalty, it then again, depends on the nature of the murder. So, we still have the debate on whether or not its cruel or unusual to give someone the death penalty for certain kinds of murder. Again though, there are some internal debates. What kind of death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment, and what is not? Is the death penalty itself cruel and unusual punishment? And more specifically, is lethal injection cruel or unusual? The death penalty has always been unfair to African Americans. The jury system tends to be unfair. African Coker vs. Georgia is a hard case for me to understand. However, it sounds to me like the prisoner had a death wish. He was in jail for conviction of murder; he breaks out, rapes a woman, and steals her car. It sounds to me like he thought he had nothing to lose, although, I dont know why he wasnt already on death row for murder. He might have been, but I didn’t see any clear evidence in the case saying so. Georgia tried to give him the death penalty for raping the woman. The court ruled that it was grossly disproportionate to the crime. I would agree, and I would say it is apparent that there is something gross about Georgia’s apparent over zealous love for the death penalty. So they ruled that it would be cruel and/or unusual punishment to give him the death penalty given that he didnt take the womans life. Now if any two of these cases tie together, it would be this one, and Gregg vs. Georgia. Rape did not constitute the death penalty, and neither did armed robbery. Stanford vs. Kentucky I disagree with. Basically they ruled that you can execute a juvenile offender, and that it is necessary to look at societys evolving standards of decency. I disagree with that. If the Supreme Court is going to look at the evolving standards of the nation, who is to say what we would allow next? First, you can convict a juvenile offender. What’s next? If the justices keep it up, it will not be too long before NAMBLA is able to get away with their â€Å"rape and escape† tactics. Roper vs. Simmons directly ties to Stanford vs. Kentucky, because this guy was sentenced to death at 17, and once again involved in societys evolving standards of decency. I’m not entirely opposed to national opinion; in fact I think it’s healthy as a nation to have evolving standards. I do believe however that there should be a standard on how far we should evolve. Abraham and many other known Biblical persons were known to have multiple wives. It was the norm, and it was accepted by society. Did that make it right? Of course it doesn’t make it right. Here is an interesting tidbit. â€Å"On appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, the government argued that allowing a state court to overturn a Supreme Court decision by looking at evolving standards would be dangerous, because state courts could just as easily decide that executions prohibited by the Supreme Court (such as the execution of the mentally ill in Atkins v. Virginia) were now permissible due to a change in the beliefs of the American people.† I agree. It is dangerous. So, they overturned the decision in Stanford vs. Kentucky and ruled that it was unconstitutional and cruel and unusual punishment to sentence a minor to death. Couldn’t we just solve all of these problems, and abolish the death penalty? We have societys ever changing and evolving standards of decency, which means precedent (which is important in courts) is subject to change. There’s the argument of the burden of the tax payer. It costs the government plenty of money to perform an execution, too. Is there any real way to kill someone that is not cruel or unusual? Should the government sanction it? Perform it? While were talking about societys evolving standards of decency, if thats any measure of where the death penalty is; I would say it is on its way out. Hanging was ruled unconstitutional. So were the gas chambers. So was the electric chair. All because of societys evolving standards of decency. Proponents of the death penalty hang on to lethal injection. On the moral issue, which is the equivalent of society’s evolving standards of decency,† it’s important to know that those evolving standards look back on hanging and such things as dark moments in our country. While most of society doesnt hold that view about lethal injection, nothing says they wont at some point, and in fact, I believe if more Americans knew more of the details; it would be hard to argue that lethal injection isnt cruel and unusual. Certainly, we have flaws in the system. It is cruel and unusual to minors; it is cruel and unusual to the mentally ill. All previous forms of the death penalty have been declared cruel and unusual. We cant have a system with flaws, or prejudice, or thats disproportionately unfair. So, let’s avoid the debate, work out the flaws, and end it. Research Papers on The Evolution of Decency - Government EssayCapital PunishmentThe Fifth HorsemanArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayBringing Democracy to Africa

CATALASE AND THE DECOMPOSITION OF H2O2 Essays - Disinfectants

CATALASE AND THE DECOMPOSITION OF H2O2 Essays - Disinfectants NAME: CLASS : DBT 4A DATE SUBMITTED : 14 AUG 2015 EXPERIMENT 4:CATALASE AND THE DECOMPOSITION OF H2O2 (VIRTUAL) PROCEDURE 1.Fill the beaker with water and 5ml of hydrogen peroxide. 2.Pipette 1ml of catalase enzyme into the beaker. 3.After 10 seconds, add sulfuric acid into the beaker. 4.Using titration method, check the presence of hydrogen peroxide in beaker. 5.Fill the burette with 5ml of potassium permanganate ( KMnO4). 6.Add KMnO4 drop by drop into the beaker until the H2O2 become purple color. 7.Record the data. 8.Repeat the step 1 until step 7 for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 seconds. RESULTS Determination of catalase activity Time (s)10306090120180 Initial reading of KMnO4 (ml) 5 5 5 5 5 5 Final reading of KMnO4 (ml) 0.5 1.5 3 4 4.5 4.9 Amount of H2O2 that reacts with KMnO4 (ml) 4.5 3.5 2 1 0.5 0.1 Amount of H2O2 that was broken down by catalase 0.5 1.5 3 4 4.5 4.9 Amount of KMnO4 (ml) used 4.5 3.5 2 1 0.5 0.1 Rate determination Time intervals (s)0 - 1010 - 3030 - 6060 - 9090 -120120 - 180 Rate (ml/s)0.45 0.180.070.030.021.67 X 10-3 Calculation : Amount of H2O2 that reacts with KMnO4 (ml) = Rate (ml/s) Time 1)4.5ml 10 - 0 = 0.45 ml/s Graph DISCUSSION The purpose of this experiment is to study the rate of enzyme catalase which involves in hydrolyzing process. This means that to determine the time taken for the catalase to breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Amount of hydrogen peroxide that was broken down by catalase determined by the production of the bubbles. While the amount of remaining hydrogen peroxide measured by the help of potassium permanganate. Which means that amount of potassium permanganate needed to change the color of the catalase solution to purple is the remaining amount of hydrogen peroxide. Substrate of this experiment is the hydrogen peroxide while the products are water and oxygen gas. When the catalase enzyme is added to the beaker which contains water and hydrogen peroxide bubbling in the solution can be observed. The production of bubbles shows the process of breaking down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas and it is the appearance of products. For an instance, 0.5ml of hydroge n peroxide was broken down by catalase enzyme in 10 seconds. Potassium permanganate was used to measure the disappearance of hydrogen peroxide by titration method. Potassium permanganate added to the hydrogen peroxide solution drop by drop until color changes occur. The solution turns into purple color which indicate the disappearance of the hydrogen peroxide. For an example, 4.5ml of potassium permanganate is used to change the color of solution into purple. The break down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas by catalase can be summarized as : Catalase 2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2 Potassium permanganate is an oxidizing agent. Thus, it is reduced by hydrogen peroxide to a clear solution. But as soon as the hydrogen peroxide is gone the intense purple color of the permanganate will be visible. The equation of this reaction is : 5 H2O2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ = 5O2 + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O

50 Winning Cause and Effect Essay Topics and Ideas

50 Winning Cause and Effect Essay Topics and Ideas If you are struggling with choosing a winning topic for your cause and effect essay feel free to use our cause and effect topics list which is being constantly updated. Cause and effect essay is an essay that deals primarily with the causes and effects of the event, situation or dilemma. The purpose of such an essay is to explain why the event happened, what are all the consequences and ramifications of the event. This  manner  of the  essay is an easy way to discuss and organize ideas around topics. In the essay of this type, you will be required to outline a situation describing what caused it and the effects of that particular situation:  direct and indirect, seen and unseen. 5 STEPS ON HOW TO WRITE A CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY How to Structure Your Essay A cause and effect essay is similar in structure to most other essays, in that it requires an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. However, because of the nature of the essay, body paragraphs will be largely  split into two major components, unlike many argumentative essays that often have three major body components. While writing a cause and effect essay stick firmly to the correct  cause and effect essay outline, since it is one of the key factors in getting a high grade for your paper. Cause and Effect Essay Topics by Levels of Difficulty Easy Cause and Effect Essay Topics History Causes of the American Civil War – state’s rights for slavery, unable to compromise, state vs. federal authority Effects of the Civil War – start of the civil war, federal authority established, end to slavery in America Education Causes of Bullying in School – parental abuse at home, feelings of inadequacy Effects of Bullying in School – physical and mental harm, lowering of grades English Causes of the Decline of Spelling in Schools – less focus on rote memorization techniques Effects of the Decline of Spelling in Schools – fewer students are becoming authors Political Science Causes of the Magna Carta – Nobles wanted the Monarchy to be more responsible, King John’s continual tax raises Effects of Magna Carta – all democratic institutions today, rule by the people Medium Difficulty Cause and Effect Essay Topics Marketing Causes of Brand Loyalty – effective marketing campaigns, repetitive advertising, similar messages Effects of Brand Loyalty – higher sales, enables higher pricing levels and better profit margins Sociology Causes of Poverty – lack of education, poor life choices, born into poverty Effects of Poverty – low life quality, perpetuates further poverty Science Causes of the Big Bang – what was the initial reaction, are there other theories more accurate to describe the beginning of the universe Effects of the Big Bang – are the causes relevant to the effects, would the Universe have evolved without a major starting event Criminology Causes of Riots – higher rates of poverty, unfair legislation, not enough social safety nets Effects of Riots – possible government overthrow, higher rate of crime Difficult Cause and Effect Essay Topics Environmental Studies Causes of Climate Change – pollution, human causes, long-term cycles Effects of Climate Change – more prevalent severe weather, rising tides Psychology Causes of Mental Illness – is there a family history, extreme stressful events Effects of Mental Illness – low quality of life, effects on other family members, long-term effects on mental ability Medical Practice Causes of Obesity – genetic causes, environmental causes, societal marketing Effects of Obesity – shorter life span, increase mental illness Computer Science Causes of the Singularity – humans create artificial intelligence for productivity increases Effects of the Singularity – machines take over the earth, machines become sentient If you are looking for cause and effect essay examples here is a great one CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY EXAMPLE: GREAT DEPRESSION Cause and Effect Essay Topics by Subject Environmental Issues Effects of CO2 Emissions on Global Environment Causes and Effects of Glacier Melting Effects of Industrial Pollution Causes and Effects of Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Effects of Drinking Water Contamination Blast Fishing and Its Effect on Marine Ecosystems Political Issues Why Has the US Invaded Iraq and Afghanistan? What are the consequences for such invasion? Did the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Lead to Risky Lending? Causes and Consequences of U.S. Governments Efforts to Increase Homeownership Will Congress and the President Take Action on the Growing Debt? What if it Does Not? What are the Causes and Implications of Winding Down Military Operation in Afghanistan? Social Issues Response of Society to Same-sex Marriages How Will Changes in Gun Regulations Affect Our Society? Consequences of Legalizing Abortions The Need for Sustainable Communities: Root Causes and Anticipated Effects Obesity in the US: Root Causes and Effects Economic Issues The Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Consequences, and Possible Alternatives Impact of Consumerism on Global Economy The Economic Impact of Hurricane Sandy Impact of â€Å"Obamacare† onto the Healthcare System Issues in the IT Spread of the Internet has Given Rise to Cyberbullying Cause and Effect of Internet Monitoring by US Government Impact of Social Networking Services on Today’s Life Ethical Issues Genetic Engineering: Causes and Effects Causes and Effects of Legalizing Marijuana for Recreational Use in Colorado Washington Cultural Imperialism Impact of Globalization Writing a cause and effect essay is a very specific task that needs to be structured properly. Teachers and professors are looking for specific links between causes and effects or an explanation as to why they were not causal to each other. A great essay explores not only the direct links that are obvious, it delves into the depth of  other possible connections to the situation. These indirect or unseen causes are often left out of these essays and cause lower marks. Get help in writing your cause and effect essay today by calling 1-800-235-4105  or place your order using our order form.

Sati & Sutee Tradition in India - History of Sati Tradition Research Paper

Sati & Sutee Tradition in India - History of Sati Tradition - Research Paper Example Hinduism contains a collection of scriptures written for over four thousand years. Among these writing, discrepancies on widow burning led many to exalt the act while others condemned it in the name of religion. During Vishnusmriti, widows were provided with two options: celibacy or immolation. The Ninayasindu later declared sati as a widow’s essential duty; so did the Puritans of the 6th century. These texts went further to elaborate on how the act was to be performed. In the years that followed, religious leaders and followers deified women who sacrificed themselves and became sites. Regardless of the religious interpretation of the act, the practice became deeply embedded in Indian culture. This presented new challenges to people trying to eradicate it. In addition, the social value accorded to widows who sacrificed themselves presented more barriers. Widows were perceived as worthless, with very low social status making a life for them unbearable. Widows who did not want to go ahead with the practice were coerced, physically forced or threatened onto the pyre. In many cases, the male relatives played a significant role in a widow’s decision to pursue sati. The demise of sati is attributed to British ruling during the 19th century. The British colonialist had refrained from interfering with Indian tradition, culture, and practices. The British rarely tried to enforce change in Muslim or Hindu practices. The governor general to India, however, in the 19th century wondered whether the British government should take measures to eliminate static.

National Lewis and Clark Corporation Case Study

National Lewis and Clark Corporation - Case Study Example In this respect, diversity within Nest is viewed as an opportunity, which enables the company's managers to fully adapt to its 86 foreign markets by integrating a diverse set of cultures, allowing them to become more responsive to its customers' needs. Thus, Nestl's philosophy focuses on developing a diverse workforce, which mirrors the needs of its equally diverse consumer. Furthermore, Nestle, together with other European companies, views diversity as "inseparably intertwined" with leadership development (Reichlin, 2004). Hence to effectively incorporate diversity, Nest focuses on more than just developing a diverse workforce, but on integrating diversity with leadership training and advancement and workforce retention and recruitment. 2. Two notable diversity initiatives implemented in Nest lies in its value-added leadership approach and emphasis on the company's leadership training program focused on honing its internal workforce for top management positions (Reichlin, 2004). First, through its value-added leadership, Nestle successfully develops a highly-motivated workforce, where minor employees are given the chance to excel and play larger roles within the organization. As Reichlin (2004) explains it, everyone, regardless of their position, is given responsibilities within the company insofar as they add value to the firm, hence fostering inclusiveness. Its leadership training program, on the other hand, fosters collaboration and cooperation across the management spectrum. One characteristic of this program is its focus on mentoring. By giving one-on-one attention and monitoring potential leaders' development and maturity, Nest succeeds in maintaining its employees' original cultures while integrating individu als into their corporate culture and honing them for advancement to top-management positions. Furthermore, company executives also gain better knowledge regarding its workforce, allowing them to make better decisions with regard to diversity.

The Family of Tata Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Family of Tata Corporate Strategy - Essay Example Ideally, there is supposed to be a group brand allying all the parties to the corporate development of the company as a whole. The pros outweigh the cons since there is a likely fight for market domination and a stated, Tata does not need 42 brands to be able to compete with other established companies like Mitsubishi. It requires one strong brand that will be competitive in the market. One of the advantages of re-uniting and corporately trying to achieve the brand strategies is that there will a tendency to achieve the brand recognition and loyalty by the customers. Formation of the many separate brands according to the owner taste is that there will be a tendency of the brands to confuse the customers. The customers who were even used to one brand in the market will now be divided toward which brand to follow. Another reason why there should be a high level of unity in the brand creation is that there is maintenance of the image of size and quality. The corporate brand will be foun ded on the basis of economies of scale and will be relevant in the creation of the general image of the company (Wu, Palepu, & Khanna, 2006, p. 2). It will be seen as a strong company based on an established business to the business. Reliability is created when there is a loyalty shown by the customers based on the strength of the company. There are also adverse cons in the proposed corporate branding. There are different companies with different share values on the company. Therefore, here will still be misunderstanding given that the business laws are indicative of the fact that anyone owning more than 51% of the shares owns the company. Therefore, much as the brand will be the same, binding and corporate, there will be every level of disintegration leading to a slow progress if the company. Building Of Equity Interlocks Among the Tata Companies Tata companies have investments in very many business interests. The equity interlocks it has generated over he many years of its existen ce are evident of the abilities it has generated. If the companies are closely held by contractual agreement, there will be a situation in which all the company management team will put the focus of their efforts on the development of the company strategies. There might also be situations when some agreements are based on mutual consensus. Mutual consensus however is not part of the company operations given the case of Tata and the much strife. It is therefore not easier for a company faced with the situation as it is at Tata to build a group brand. If it is build, there will be a large business empire in operation and will require an absolute corporate operation for there to be success. The advantages of the interlocks are diverse. First, there will be a cost leadership, product differentiation and focus strategy as far as market positioning is concerned. When this happens, there will be a creation of an economy of scale in the company in which case Tata will have low access to inp uts as far as costs are concerned (Doole & Lowe, 2008, p. 278). These inputs are a reference to all factors of production in land, capital, labour and entrepreneurship. Therefore, he interlocking in the company improves the competitive position of the company. However, this interlocking takes away the autonomy of the individual companies in the interlock brands. Each brand usually carries its own advantages and the

What Did the Internment of Japanese Americans Mean Essay

What Did the Internment of Japanese Americans Mean - Essay Example In her account titled â€Å"Confinement and Ethnicity†, Eleanor Roosevelt gives us a vivid picture of the events that took place during that period. Mrs. Roosevelt visited the Gila River Relocation Center in Arizona in 1943 and spoke to different people in an effort to understand clearly what had taken place. The source she used was first hand information and reports from the visits she had made there. Therefore these sources are considered authentic in relating Historical facts. Alice Yang Murray is associate professor of history in the University of California. She had done a lot of research and has authored books like â€Å"Historical Memories of Japanese American Internment and the struggle for Redress†( 2004) â€Å"Major Problems in Asian American History† (2003)and another book titled â€Å"What did the Internment of the Japanese mean† (Alice Yang Murray, 2000) This book is a collection of works by five various historians who were in pursuit of a greater and better understanding of the internment of the Japanese American people during World War II. Murray’s brief yet comprehensive account lays down the causes and the impact it had on internment. Alice Yang Murray is currently doing research on transnational memories of World War II, between 1945 and 2005 in the Pacific. The International context, in addition to class, gender and generation, has helped to shape the political and cultural experiences of the Japanese Americans. During World War II, sociologists and anthropologists participated in research work on Japanese Americans whom the Federal Government had incarcerated. How the Japanese American field Assistants carried out their research, how they collected data regarding the Internment, the difficulties and pressures that they faced, and how they responded to political and ethical issues that they came across are some of the issues dealt with. Alice Yang Murray’s collection begins with

How would scholarship funds help you Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How would scholarship funds help you - Essay Example But more than getting good grades, I will become a better nurse with a help with a scholarship fund because I have focused on my studies when I was still in school. Nursing is a very demanding career because the health and well-being of patients depends on us (in addition to the doctor). It requires a thorough preparation during school and this means studying full time to be able to absorb and grasp of the entire rudiments and lessons of nursing so that when patients will be entrusted to us, we would be able to take care of them well. Being able to take care of the patients’ well will also be good to my career as a nurse and this would entail progression in my career. But before having a career, I must do well with my studies first. A scholarship fund will be a huge help to make these aspirations a reality because it will ensure that I can enrol in my nursing

How americans learn about politics Research Paper

How americans learn about politics - Research Paper Example rmed at times, because their mind is not really open to receiving any information or knowledge concerned with the politics which is going on within their land. Americans feel disconnected with whatever is happening within their folds and there is solid evidence available which suggests the same ideology. One of the reasons why Americans feel disinterested in their political discourse is because their heritage is not as such. It has been proven with the passage of time that Americans do not have any affinity with politics and hence their family structures have the same ideology for a long period of time now (Alter 2008). They believe that since they have never been a part of the political movements and discussions, it is best for them to remain alienated with such perspectives. The Americans are of the view that if they take part in these movements or angles, they would surely lose out to the professionals who have a much better say and role within the political make-up of the American regions. Another reason is education which encompasses the role of schools and teachers. The schools do not encourage the students to come up with sound reasoning for the sake of becoming leaders. In fact there is absence of leadership within the related realms. The schools are not playing their roles in a manner which is seemingly fit. All they are doing is inculcating the assumptions that the students would not be served in an able manner if they get involved within politics and hence it is a good reason that they should stay away from such undertakings. On such a note, one can safely state that the students would not be encouraged to go out there and find a place for their own selves within the political arenas of today or even tomorrow. Much needs to be done to find true leaders. Another reason lies in the way popular culture has impacted upon the Americans. They are so busy within their lives that they find little or absolutely no time to be a part of the political process.

What Did the Internment of Japanese Americans Mean Essay

What Did the Internment of Japanese Americans Mean - Essay Example In her account titled â€Å"Confinement and Ethnicity†, Eleanor Roosevelt gives us a vivid picture of the events that took place during that period. Mrs. Roosevelt visited the Gila River Relocation Center in Arizona in 1943 and spoke to different people in an effort to understand clearly what had taken place. The source she used was first hand information and reports from the visits she had made there. Therefore these sources are considered authentic in relating Historical facts. Alice Yang Murray is associate professor of history in the University of California. She had done a lot of research and has authored books like â€Å"Historical Memories of Japanese American Internment and the struggle for Redress†( 2004) â€Å"Major Problems in Asian American History† (2003)and another book titled â€Å"What did the Internment of the Japanese mean† (Alice Yang Murray, 2000) This book is a collection of works by five various historians who were in pursuit of a greater and better understanding of the internment of the Japanese American people during World War II. Murray’s brief yet comprehensive account lays down the causes and the impact it had on internment. Alice Yang Murray is currently doing research on transnational memories of World War II, between 1945 and 2005 in the Pacific. The International context, in addition to class, gender and generation, has helped to shape the political and cultural experiences of the Japanese Americans. During World War II, sociologists and anthropologists participated in research work on Japanese Americans whom the Federal Government had incarcerated. How the Japanese American field Assistants carried out their research, how they collected data regarding the Internment, the difficulties and pressures that they faced, and how they responded to political and ethical issues that they came across are some of the issues dealt with. Alice Yang Murray’s collection begins with

How americans learn about politics Research Paper

How americans learn about politics - Research Paper Example rmed at times, because their mind is not really open to receiving any information or knowledge concerned with the politics which is going on within their land. Americans feel disconnected with whatever is happening within their folds and there is solid evidence available which suggests the same ideology. One of the reasons why Americans feel disinterested in their political discourse is because their heritage is not as such. It has been proven with the passage of time that Americans do not have any affinity with politics and hence their family structures have the same ideology for a long period of time now (Alter 2008). They believe that since they have never been a part of the political movements and discussions, it is best for them to remain alienated with such perspectives. The Americans are of the view that if they take part in these movements or angles, they would surely lose out to the professionals who have a much better say and role within the political make-up of the American regions. Another reason is education which encompasses the role of schools and teachers. The schools do not encourage the students to come up with sound reasoning for the sake of becoming leaders. In fact there is absence of leadership within the related realms. The schools are not playing their roles in a manner which is seemingly fit. All they are doing is inculcating the assumptions that the students would not be served in an able manner if they get involved within politics and hence it is a good reason that they should stay away from such undertakings. On such a note, one can safely state that the students would not be encouraged to go out there and find a place for their own selves within the political arenas of today or even tomorrow. Much needs to be done to find true leaders. Another reason lies in the way popular culture has impacted upon the Americans. They are so busy within their lives that they find little or absolutely no time to be a part of the political process.

Legislation & regulations Essay Example for Free

Legislation regulations Essay Until the passage of the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938, which for the first time imposed penalties for products that contains dangerous or impure substances, the production and sale of cosmetics in the United States was then regulated. Grolier (2005:220). Clear and accurate labeling of all ingredients was now required. The food and drug laws are administered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), sometimes in conjunction with the Department of Agriculture. With regard to cosmetics, the laws hold the manufacturers responsible for selling products that are in compliance with the regulations. Manufacturers, however, are not required to register their companies, their products, or their product ingredients with the FDA. They need not report adverse reactions, if they occur among their customers. The FDA may investigate a product , but bears the responsibility for proving that a substance used in that product is harmful. The industry, however, has been largely self-policing in the recent years. Reputable manufacturers conduct their own product-safety tests. In this table, the functions of FDA are enumerated, although not limited only to these: Source: Passiment (2006:38) Prue (2007:349) As part of the screening procedures and safety measures in adapting these products and selling cross-regions, the question on quality control assessment should never be compromised nor put into secondary importance. The degree of the quality measures will directly impact product performance, societal consumption, customer loyalty and market survival of the firm. Thus, the evaluating board should minimally possess the strictest procedures or methodologies of testing and evaluating these bio-products, as per the illustration or flowchart below: Source: Akoh (2004:39) Regulatory and Safety Conditions More than cosmetics, the government also oversees regulatory policies for any agents intended for use in the processing of foods or synthesis of compounds or ingredients for food use. According to the Food Chemical Codex, enzymes as listed must have a GRAS status or undergo the regulatory process of approval. However, the controversy over genetically modified organisms should be taken into consideration by molecular biotechnologists and applied biotechnologists as they design new lipases for new uses. These regulatory polices were established by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for substances that will be present in the diet at low levels. Neither the enzyme preparation nor the production organism has any health-related hazard, and both lack any oral toxicity and genotoxicity. Imposing and implementing policies affecting human subjects are the main functions of the FDA. Being a federal regulatory agency that monitors the safety and effectiveness of food and beverages and even of medical devices. The FDA is broken down into centers:   Center for Devices and Radiological Health with its Office of In Vitro Diagnostics Device Evaluation   Center for the Biological Evaluation and Research FDA classification are designated into several classes: Class I, Class II or Class III, with Class I being the least regulation. Devices are classified by the risk of harming the user and design. The simpler the design, the higher the probability that it will be categorized as Class I. FDA’s decisions can be very controversial for the industry and for the company or the manufacturer. It should be noted however that this decision-making process is not a rule-making game, so neither the affected company be able to comment on FDA’s decisions. The FDA has been commonly viewed as an obstructionist to a new innovation. , especially in new products and medication.

The Effect of Parenting Styles on Child Development

The Effect of Parenting Styles on Child Development Is parenting really significant? Does parenting have a positive impact on a childs life? One may wonder if his or her parenting style has effectively influenced his or her childs complete development. This paper probes the effects of parenting styles on a childs development. A childs holistic development, specifically psychological (emotional and social) and cognitive (intellect) developments, may be affected by numerous factors. These factors may be biological and environmental, which includes culture, family and more significantly parenting styles. Parenting styles used, though not solitary effects, have an absolute impact on the childs future. According to Baumrind (1971), there are three parenting styles namely authoritative (demanding and responsive), authoritarian (demanding and unresponsive) and permissive (responsive but undemanding). More recently, uninvolved parenting (unresponsive and undemanding) has been recognized as a fourth style. Though each parenting style has varyi ng characteristics, it is crucial for the child to receive both nurture and autonomy in order to obtain adequate development. Parenting styles such as authoritative and uninvolved influence a childs cognitive and psychological development but authoritative parenting is preferred. Every childs cognitive development is impacted by his or her parents parenting style. Cognition pertains to the intellectual process by obtaining knowledge. According to Bjorklund (1989), Cognition involves mental activity of all types. It includes activity that is geared toward acquiring, understanding and modifying information. (p. 4). According to Piaget, children dynamically assemble knowledge by four stages-sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational-as they control and discover their world. It is necessary for parents to be cognizant of the effects of parenting styles on a childs cognition. Berk (2009) stated that, Authoritative child-rearing style-the most successful approach-involves high acceptance and involvement, adaptive control techniques, and appropriate autonomy granting (p. 569). Authoritative parents are affectionate, attentive and receptive to their offsprings wants, yet they implement firm, rational control and are usually demanding. T hey inspire the childs independence and decision making so that the child will be able to make the right choices in life. They encourage dialogues and joint decision making whenever there is a disagreement between parent and child, thus paying attention to the childs perspective and providing sensible supervision is necessary. A childs cognitive development is optimum for independence and decision making skills when experiencing positive and maximum parental support. Hence, an authoritative parent is said to be highly involved in a childs development, offering positive and maximum parental support which encourages the development of a personality. A child reared by the authoritative parenting style exhibits high self-esteem, self control and task persistence (Berk, 2009). In regards to a child who has high self-esteem, positive values and beliefs are passed on from the parents because of their high participation in the offsprings life. For example, the importance of these parental beliefs and positive values are adopted from family discussions and family rules and practices. Research has shown that children reared by authoritative parents have great academic success because the parents are extremely involved in all aspects of their lives and particularly, their academic achievements. Authoritative parents will praise their children for striving; help them with the difficulties they face in their school work and encourage them to do their best. Children given this positive and maximum parental support believe they have the competence to succeed in life. The different areas of a childs development are interconnected thus influencing one another. Psychological development, defined by Encyclopedia Britannica, refers to the emotional and social competence and operation of ones life span. Authoritative parents are demanding-have high hopes and expectations for their children. Benson Hiath (2009) postulates that Children of authoritative parents exhibit low amount of internalizing behaviour such as depression and anxiety and externalizing behaviour such as antisocial behaviour and substance use (p. 290). In essence, offspring of these parents are more socially and instrumentally competent than children reared by other parenting styles. Authoritative parents also show interest in their childs social life. It is important that they know about their childs whereabouts and the friends he or she keeps. Therefore, the child will be less likely to be antisocial in behaviour because of their high autonomy granting. Similarly, it is important to note that though these parents are involved in the childs social life, they do not dictate the type of friends the child should keep. Instead, they provide good advice and allow the child to make his or her own decision. Benson Hiath further states that, Children of authoritative parents are better equipped to cope with life stresses and less likely to succumb to peer pressure, due to the competencies authoritative parents have instilled (p. 290). Based on research presented, it can be concluded that authoritative parenting has a positive impact on a childs complete development. Additionally, a childs cognitive and psychological developments are also influenced by uninvolved parenting. Unlike the authoritative parent, Benson Hiath (2009) believes the indifferent parent is not dedicated to parenting roles and is disinterested in helping foster optimal development of the child (p. 283). The uninvolved parent is said to have little or no participation in their childs development thus the child is likely to have less interest in his or her own development. These parents have either despised their children or probably do not have the time or energy to take care of them because priority is given to their own life problems and stresses instead. In contrast to authoritative parenting, children reared by the uninvolved parenting style display poor emotional control and low self-esteem. Children of these parents are likely to have low self-esteem as well as poor school performance because they feel unappreciated by their parents, due to the parents low acceptance and non-involvement in their lives. For example, a parent who is parentally stressed and shows no interest in the childs academic achievement will not encourage the child to develop academically. As a result the child will become a low achiever because there is no parental guidance and support when he or she gets an assignment and needs parental assistance. Additionally, the child is likely to have difficulties making decisions and expressing views effectively because the uninvolved parents are lacking in the areas decision making and perspective. Uninvolved parents are undemanding often showing little control. A child who feels neglected by his or her parents is likely to have a deficit in his or her psychological development. The child of an uninvolved parent may have behavioural problem such as antisocial behaviours and substance abuse. This is so because the parent-child relationship is poor and so the child is emotionally detached and withdrawn. Due to the lack of positive guidance (no parental values, beliefs and expectations), the child may be led by the wrong type of friends and as a result find himself or herself in a destructive path. For example, parents who are uninvolved in their childs social life set no expectations and allow their child to do as he or she pleases; searching for affection and attention in the wrong places. Studies have also shown that uninvolved parenting, unlike authoritative parenting, has a negative impact on a childs holistic development. From a biblical perspective, a parent should train up a child in the way he or she should go, so when he is old he or she will not depart from it. Research have concluded that parenting plays a minor role in the development of a child and that the impacts are surpassed by the effects of inheritance and society. Despite such claims it is revealed that parenting styles, though not the only influence, wield great effect on a childs development. Based on previous studies, authoritative parenting is preferred because it has the most positive influence on a childs entire development while uninvolved parenting has the most negative impact. Some parents use more than one parenting style in the upbringing of their child; therefore it would be a great idea for uninvolved parents to strive to adapt some values of authoritative parenting to allow the child to develop autonomy, confidence and maturity. Word Count: 1342

James Clavell Essay - Taipan and Shogun :: essays research papers

James Clavell’s Exploration Of Ancient Oriental Customs James Clavell certainly had his work cut out for him when he chose to write his â€Å"Asian Saga† series of novels. Exposing the customs and culture of the ancient Orient is a daunting task for even the most qualified professional. However, to do so with an intriguing and entertaining medium is verging on impossibility. Until the last two centuries, both China and Japan remained time capsules that held within them unique societies based on radically different values and perspectives. This national seclusion in China and Japan was a direct result of the countries’ trade policies and their view of foreigners. Both countries believed that their country was truly the â€Å"land of the Gods† and that all foreigners were inferior. This belief lead to laws that acted as force fields to repel Western society. Clavell’s in-depth biography explains how Clavell spent part of his life as a prisoner of war in Japan (JamesClavell.net, par. 2), and thus was able to coupl e his experiences with his natural gift of story telling. Throughout James Clavell’s novels Taipan and Shogun, Clavell cleverly intertwines the plot with beliefs and customs of ancient Hong Kong and Japan, respectively. Clavell does not merely present the oriental culture, but he incorporates all of his characters in the process of portraying the different aspects of their way of life. In doing this, Clavell is able to educate the reader without losing their interest. Throughout the two novels, Clavell stresses the importance of â€Å"face† and honour to the Oriental cultures. Early on in the novel Shogun, Clavell opens the reader’s eyes to the absolute importance of honour. Honour, in Japan, came in many forms. A person of low status was always expected to honour a superior by treating them with the utmost respect. One of the most important ways to pay respect to a superior was by bowing to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   them. Clavell demonstrates that this ritual of bestowing honour was extremely important when one man is purposefully disrespectful by â€Å"rise[ing] deliberately, without bowing† (Clavell, 1975, 34). The astonishing result of this disrespect is that â€Å"the [superior’s] killing sword made a hissing silver arc and the man’s head toppled off† (Clavell, 1975, 34). Although this seems extremely ridiculous and uncalled for, the reader realizes that if a samurai broke their code of honour, or bushido, then they had shamed themselves forever. When this occurred, their life no longer had meaning and was disposable at the will of their superiors.

The Good vs. The Bad in The Road: Which Would You Do? :: Literary Analysis, Cormac McCarthy

Imagine a desolate and dismal world that deteriorated with scarce supplies of food and shelter and there is only a few survivors left--including yourself and one of your family members. In hopes of survival, what measures would you take? Would you go to the extreme by cannibalism or committing suicide? On the other hand, would you choose to be on an ethical route by grasping on life delicately? In the midst of the unflinching and empty world with virtually no hope, the father and son in the novel, The Road by Cormac McCarthy, choose to be the â€Å"good guys† by staying alive and refraining from cannibalism and thievery. They tried desperately to remain alive by roaming as nomads looking for shelter, edible foods, and avoiding the â€Å"bad guys† from preying on them for food. The unconditional love between the father and son sustained their struggle to live and try to stay ethical as possible. The father and son search for shelter and food in idle commercial stores and the son encounters many dead bodies and questions whether if they were also going to die. The boy is paralyzed by the adversity and suffering he had faced throughout his ruthless journey with his father. The boy questions their fate. He is implying that he is worried for the future. When the boy woke up from his tranquil sleep, he innocently asked his father if â€Å"[they] were going to die† (11). His father retorted, â€Å"Sometime but not now† (11). The father bluntly answered the question, knowing that he could not hide the inevitability of death. However, the father insisted that they shall strive to stay alive regardless of how poor the circumstances will entail. The father wants to hold on to life delicately, even in the midst of a dangerous and isolated world. The father’s motive to stay alive is to spend time with his son and not to lose hope. The father was very adamant about keeping the fire alive and keeping hope to stay alive. The son believes his father and follows his ideals of keeping the determination. His mother, unfortunately, lost the hope. In the midst of contemplating on suicide, the mother states that â€Å"sooner or later they will catch [them] and they will kill [them]. They will rape [her]. They'll rape [the boy]†(101). The mother confidently states that they will be raped and killed by the blood-hungry thugs.

How Small Coffee Shops Can Succeed Using Social Media Essay

Everyone has a local coffee shop that they consider to be their favourite. That one place where they know they’ll be welcomed with open arms and the people behind the counter know their name (or at least their face). The place that even if their coffee costs almost double as much as Tim Hortons (Starbucks); that this is the place they’ll always recommend to their friends. A few years ago, it was nearly impossible for a local coffee shop to compete with the deep pocket coffee shops. Today, even the smallest cafe with the a very little marketing budget can compete. All they need – is a story worth telling and of course, a coffee worth brewing. If they have those, the clients will keep coming back – the main concern is usually getting them there in the first place. Here are some ways that social media can be used to help local coffee shops compete with the big players. Two Tweets and One Sugar As I write this post, twitter has become one of the biggest buzzwords of the year. However, the buzz isn’t unwarranted. Twitter is one of the largest social networking channels in North American consisting more than 15Million accounts. And while its still in its infancy; it provides businesses an unparalleled opportunity to communicate with consumers and current customers in real-time. So what does this mean for coffee shops? It means that they can communicate more effectively than ever with consumers. If that means setting up a search that tracks their brand and sending a simple thank you or going as far as taking a pre-order, so be it. Twitter gives these brands a chance to create a personal connection with their consumers and make their brand worth talking about. By being active in the twitter community an opportunity exists for coffee shops to offer their space for events such as tweet ups. Hosting these live events at your venue not only gaurantee that you’ll be selling your products, but also guarantees some buzz (tweets) about your brand. On top of that, some of these new customers were probably never in your shop in their life; however, because you got involved in twitter and hosted this event you were able to attract new customers to experience your shop. What more can you ask for? I’m glad you asked. How about 1 Blog Latte While blogging can be an important part of a social media strategy, its not worth having if you don’t have a strategy behind it. If your main goal is to develop an online community; it might be in your best interest to blog about different beans or maybe do a Wine Library TV segment – Coffee Style. However, if your strategy is focused around getting more butts in your cafes seats, it might be in your best interest to discuss offers on the blog. As great as a blog can be for an organization it can also be their downfall. A company that views their blog as being a great way to only talk about their brand and how great they are will never find readers. Well maybe they’ll have their spouse and employees; but customers won’t be interested. If you can provide your readers with something of value they will return. I often tell people looking to start a blog to try and offer the three E’s of Social Media. Entertainment, Education or Engagement An Extra Large Facebook Facebook has become the grand-daddy of them all when it comes to social networks. It has recently gone from being a questionable place to have your brand, to a necessity for many companies in the food industry. With its most recent changes to the facebook pages; it has become obvious that brand experience on facebook is back. Brands are now able to create facebook pages with more customization than ever and truly deepen their relationship with their customers. The frazzle-dazzle applications aren’t the only way for a local coffee shop to set itself a part from other stores. It can also use Facebook to promote other content that they have created. This means they can post links to their blog, videos, pictures and even coupons; reaching an audience that may not be present on the other social networking channels. With that said, we can’t forget the meat and potatoes that Facebook was built upon. The ability to get your message out to a number of people is one of the key reasons why businesses have found such success on facebook. Those tweetups we discussed earlier can easily be cross-promoted using a Facebook event. The opportunities available on facebook are great – its up to you, to turn them into something remarkable. Whose your Manager Mayor?! Foursquare is the new kid on the block in the social media world. It will be the most talked about social networking platform for the rest of this year and will definitely be playing a big part in several social media plans. James Hoffman explains on his blog why, You have people competitively visiting you, talking about you. More than that there is a pretty sensible business model in there too, meaning that foursquare could well be around in a few years. Coffee shops seemed pretty quick to embrace twitter, and it will be interesting to see if that experience has soured social media for them, or if they’ll embrace foursquare too. Something tells me that they’ll embrace foursquare like a seat-belt embraces impact. Mayorship – TechCrunch One of my favourite tactics that coffee shops can use in Foursquare is promoting the idea of becoming mayor. The basics behind this tactic is that you tell the consumers that if they become the mayor of your shop they get their beverages for free. Seeing that there is an incentive now for going to the shop more and more – You’ve ultimately created a competition that will keep the people swarming your shop. The whole idea of providing customers with rewards for loyalty has been going on for years. This race to be the mayor however, takes customer loyalty, flips it upside down and turns it into a competition. Lets not get our Mochas in a Bunch With all that said, you must always remember your companies core strategy and goals. These channels discussed above may take a similar route as hi5 or geocities in a few years time. For that reason, it is important to not put all your eggs into one basket. Facebook is already talking about their new function that will be the â€Å"Foursquare Killer.† (Keep your eyes open) Finally, remember that the value you provide your customer in the store will always out weight the value you can provide them with a social networking tool. While its important to do things to get your customers in the door – its just as important to make sure they’ll want to come back.

Ethical Issue of the Contraceptive Mandate Essay

The issue of the contraception mandate may be one of the biggest political stories of the year. It is a law brought forward by the Obama administration that requires all employers to offer contraceptive coverage. This has been a requirement for all company healthcare coverage programs for many years already but religious affiliates have been exempt from following the rules. Obama is looking to change all that by requiring even religion-based employers, who have previously not offered coverage, to participate. Such services required by the contraception mandate will violate some of these religion-based employers’ moral conscience. Rule: From the contraception mandate issue, two opposing ethical rules are rights and justice/fairness. From Velasquez’s Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases, the rights rule is â€Å"an individual’s entitlement to something.† It can address the contraception mandate from both an individual and a corporate issue. The rights rule is being processed more from the religious-based employers point of view. The justice/fairness rule being discussed in this case brief is the egalitarianism view. Egalitarianism is â€Å"every person should be given exactly equal shares of a society’s or a group’s benefits and burdens.† It addresses the contraception mandate from a systemic issue Analysis: 1. Rights: Religious institutions do not want to have to cover birth control in their insurance plans for employees. Such services required by the contraception mandate will violate these religion-based institutions’ moral conscience. Thus, the contraception mandate can be viewed as an obstruction of the constitutional rights presented in the First Amendment. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution reads as following: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† In the First Amendment, all individuals are entitled to freedom of religion. Many of the religion-based institutions claim that the first amendment allows people the freedom to follow their religious convictions and that they cannot be forced to act against them. The government through the contraception mandate is forcing constraints on the religious freedom of the religious affiliated institutions and their employees. 2. Justice/Fairness: The justice/fairness rule of egalitarianism will say the contraception mandate is about women’s health rights. According to an egalitarian, goods should be allocated to people in equal portions. Thus, all women should have access to equal healthcare services, including the contraceptive services. The egalitarianism view argues that supporting a rights rule would limit the whole population based on someone else’s moral ideals and not scientific medical information. Women, along with many men, want to have sex for non-procreative purposes despite â€Å"edicts† passed down by religious texts. Women should have access to contraceptives. Egalitarians also argue everyone is entitled to practice their own religion and refrain from taking birth control, but every employer is prevented from discriminating against their employees on the basis of religious freedom. The reversal of the contraception mandate would be a huge setback for women’s reproductive freedom. It would go back to say women’s bodies are not their own. Conclusion: In my opinion, I believe that the rights rule is the correct approach to the contraception mandate. All companies, excluding religion-based employers, before were required to provide contraceptive coverage. Now under the Health and Human Services contraception mandate, those religious-based employers are required to provide contraceptive coverage. The First Amendment promises the entitlement to religious freedom and the practicing religious convictions. I believe forcing this healthcare service onto religious affiliated institutions is obstructing their right to practice religious convictions, hence their moral convictions. The larger portion of employed women will already be covered prior to this contraception mandate. It is only the addition of employed women at religious affiliated institutions. I am inclined to think the female employees of religious affiliated institutions would share the same religious and moral views of that religious affiliated institution. If a religious affiliated institution believes it is morally accepting for the use of contraceptives, good for them. But for a religious affiliated institution that believes it is against their religious convictions to provide employees with contraceptives, the government should not have any authority to force such a mandate. Following political backlash for the contraception mandate, President Obama has since revised the original mandate. He has added an â€Å"accommodation,† somewhat like a clause, that allows the religion-based employers the opportunity to opt out and not have to directly cover birth control in their healthcare insurance plans. The insurance company hired to cover the religious affiliated institution’s employees cannot opt out. The insurers themselves would be required to make contraceptives available free of charge to women anyway. This is a clear political move to gain more favoritism in hopes of a reelection. I see this move by Obama as an attempted reversal of the mandate after viewing the religious opposition that was evoked by mandate. Also what Obama has failed to think of are the business implications of this new â€Å"accommodation†Ã¢â‚¬â€offering the contraceptives at no cost from the opted out religious affiliated employer and employees. Insurance companies will not offer this benefit at no cost; contraceptive drug companies will not offer the medicine at no cost; and doctors will not provide treatment without payment. The only logical conclusion, at least the short run, will result in higher healthcare insurance premiums. To have avoided religious invasion, political backlash, and increased insurance premiums, I logically propose the Obama Administration should simply give women without access to contraceptive services a federal voucher.

Data Collection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Data Collection - Essay Example Data Collection using the phenomenological approach can take many forms. The most commonly used is dialogue with open interviews. Methods of data collection could be written notes, video and audio recordings. Non verbal communication is body language which can be taken into account. These techniques are somewhat subjective; this is because the principal aim here is to explore the problem and get a deeper understanding so that some hypothesis can be formulated. In an RCT, the interview has to be highly structured, because quantitative data has to be generated. In a structured interview, the questions have set answers, such as in multiple-choice questions, so that a limited choice is provided to the responder, and one question leads to another; for example, if the answer to above question was 'Yes' then please answer the next 3 questions. Unstructured questions are more open-ended, allowing the responder a lot more leeway in terms of answers that he can provide in his/her own language. Further, as RCTs usually entail some form of intervention/procedure/treatment, there are many more potent means of data collection. In the example cited above, there can be two phases of data collection; in the first phase, qualitative data can be obtained through unstructured interview of endoscopists to find out details about the two procedures (colonoscopy and double contrast barium enema) which can establish the controversy that exists. However, the essential question as to which of the two modalities is most sensitive and specific, and therefore more reliable, requires quantitative data of the type obtained through RCTs. This depends on blinded observations by the endoscopists who initially perform colonscopy without knowing the results of the Barium studies; if no polyp was found during colonoscopy, then the barium enema result was revealed to them, and if a polyp had been found in the latter, they re-examined the segment. Data collection here depends on highly structured and rigid enquiry of the endoscopists, and numerical data is generated. Compared to this the phenomenological approach to the interview is unstructured, flexible and open-ended, using audio tapes and verbatim reports so that more detailed and in-depth, though descriptive information can be obtained. DATA ANALYSIS Data analysis is different in both methods. Among the many different means of analysing data available in phenomenological research, the method propounded by Glaser and Strauss (1967) is the one most utilised, namely the Grounded theory approach. Data from RCT is analysed statistically, whereas data from phenomenology is analysed for codes, themes and patterns; for example in the study on double contrast enema, the initial phenomenological research data will be analysed to establish whether there is any pattern, or if a theory can be generated which can then be studied in the RCT phase. In RCT, data is analysed using tables and graphs, whereas in Phenomenology, data is analysed more subjectively. The theory generated in phenomenological research depends on, emerges from and is grounded in data, which is why it tends to be a cyclical process, as collection and analysis can go hand-in-hand, unlike in RCTs where data collection is based on decisions taken during the design stage, and an alysis

Summer school Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summer school Personal Statement - Essay Example When I studied in junior classes, I understood that I love photography. But I did not have a camera. I just watched nice pixes and admired their beauty. Fortunately, now I have a camera, so in free time I can do what I really like. Thanks to my hobby, I met new interesting people and even found good friends. Communicability is one of my positive qualities. Also, I consider myself as responsible and serious person. At school teachers and classmates always can count on my help. I hope that these qualities will help me to become a businessman. In addition to this, to implement such goal I need to improve my leadership qualities. Furthermore, I like writing. When something catches my attention, I want to incarnate it not only in the form of the photographs. I want to write on the paper what I see and feel, and it is great to show the emotions in this way. I try to dream up, because I want my poems and stories are more interesting and exciting. The first acquaintance with your courses began from collecting particular information about it. I can say that on your courses I will be easy to get knowledge. I am sure my teachers will be real professionals. Moreover, I will be able to study with people, who will have similar interests with me. So we will discuss the different details and share our knowledge. Thus, I want to attend the Summer Challenge program to improve my skills. I am sure that they will make me more confident person, who preparing for a new phase of the life after graduation. No doubt, this year is really hard for me. I will have to pass exams and go to university. Before entering I must completely be confident in my knowledge. In conclusion, I would like to say that if I attend your courses, I promise to be a worthy member of the team. I do not want to miss the chance to help myself. Ill try to be positively adjusted and strong. My efforts will not be in vain. I will be available for interview at any time after a graduation my school. Also, I will

Enron Corporation Position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Enron Corporation Position - Essay Example The paper starts by giving a brief synapse of what Enron was and what the Enron Scandal was and why it caused the downfall of Enron. The paper will also discuss the ethical considerations of what Enron did to its investors and take a position on whether it was okay to sell stocks on what you believe will be the expected dividends. Enron was a company based in Houston and it specialised in commodities, energy and service corporation. The company was rocked by a scandal in 2001 and this was recorded as one of the biggest scandals of the century as a result of the fact that shareholders lost $74 billion and thousands of employees and investors lost their retirement accounts, and many employees lost their jobs (The ten worst corporate financial scandals of all time, nd). The main players in this particular scandal included the CEO Jeff Skilling and former CEO Ken Lay who kept huge debts off the balance sheet. In other words, the figure presented on the balance sheet revealed normal operations of the company which did not raise any suspicion among the investors. They also hoodwinked the investors by overstating their profits so as to attract many investors to pour in money into the company. However, things turned nasty when Sherron Watkins the internal whistle blower exposed them after witnessing high stock prices that fuelled external suspicions. Upon full investigation of the case, the main culprits were convicted of a criminal offence and the CEO was sentenced for 24 years and his partner in crime Lay died before his serving time. Andersen was also found guilty of fudging the company’s accounts. After the company was rocked by this scandal, it filed for bankruptcy. From an ethical perspective, it can be noted that what Enron did to its investors was not good especially to sell stocks on what you believe will be the expected dividends. The investors were not fully aware of the underhand dealings taking place behind

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 39

None - Essay Example The product offers a fast and convenient way of making a tea latte at home or office. Therefore, marketing Ms. Latte is supposed to create a distinct perception in the customers mind that it is a product meant to save time and money. The cost of a product determines its positioning in the market. During the implementation stage, the first rollout package will be positioned among medium income earners. This is because this market segment represents the largest population. In addition, the medium income earners are likely to perceive a tea latte as a basic necessity because of their busy lifestyles and the need to spend little money on living. The rich people may afford to order a latte from Starbucks whenever they want but the medium income earners want to run a busy lifestyle, save on living cost and still be able to use modern equipment such as Ms. Latte. Therefore, Ms. Latte will be positioned as an affordable product. However, after spending time on the market, the product can be developed further and differentiated into two models, an expensive for high-income earners and a basic one for low-income earners. The overarching gap in the market of Latte products is availability of time-saving latte product. Therefore, the primary attribute we would want the customer to see in Ms. Latte is the â€Å"time saving† attribute of this product. Marketing campaigns would actually need to focus more on the time saving aspect of the product. Positioning Ms. Latte within this context will make the product appealing to busy lifestyle populations especially in large cities and towns. However, this time attribute will need to be matched with the freedom attribute as well. It is not possible to dictate in a coffee shop, the amount or type of milk, sugar or other ingredients when ordering a latte. However, with Ms. Latte it is possible to alter all the ingredients depending on personal’s tastes and preferences. This gives freedom of taste

Routine CT scanning protocols of head, chest and abdomen Essay

Routine CT scanning protocols of head, chest and abdomen - Essay Example As with the benefits of any new medical technology, CT also has its share of woes in terms of exposure of patients to high dose radiation. It is challenging to optimise and reduce the dose without compromising the image quality and resolution. This paper aims at bringing out optimization of the radiation dosage by modifying existing parameters based on latest discoveries and innovations. The most direct method of reducing the radiation dose reduction is that of decreasing the tube voltage and tube potential. However, the use of other techniques including Automatic Emission Control, Imaging Filters and Noise Reducing Filters also aid in reduction of radiation dosage without diminishing the image quality. The machines used for routine CT at KSMC are the General Electronics system, the Philips system and the Siemens Somatome Sensation 16 Slice. For this evaluation, I would focus on the Siemens system as my experience is confined to the same. The CT scanning protocols for head, chest and abdomen will be covered in this paper. CT can be performed with or without contrast and the procedure essentially depends on the physician performing the imaging procedure. Table 1 shows the numerous parameters and dimensions for the CT scan of the human skull using KSMC’s protocol. Skull imaginative view, reconnoitre vision of the brain SOM (supra orbito meatal) line are the baselines for this assessment. This protocol does not use IV contrast or oral contrast. The second protocol used is for mass lesion or tumour. The second protocol is similar to the first one but uses IV contrast that is set between 100cc to 120cc of Omnipaque 350. Patient preparation and training vary for protocols with and without contrast. In protocols using no contrast, patient training is not necessary, while procedures using contrast require that the four elementary steps be completed, the steps being; only one CT scan